Psoriasis on the head is one of the most common forms of psoriasis.It may be an independent variant of the disease, when psoriatic rashes are only located on the head (regional psoriasis of the scalp), or can relate to manifestations of generalized diffuse shapes, when pathological changes capture the entire surface of the skin.
Causes of the disease
The causes of psoriasis on the head are the same as those of psoriasis of other locations.However, none of the many theories of psoriasis is universally recognized and, despite the large number of studies, the real causes of the disease are still unknown.However, factors are distinguished, the role of which is proven in the development of the disease.
- Heredity.In about a third of patients, psoriasis is inherited according to the classic laws of genetics: from parents to offspring, according to the dominant autosomal mechanism.In other cases, psoriasis refers to multifactorial diseases to diseases, when hereditary factors increase the risk of disease in the presence of other significant effects.
- Immune metabolic disorders, endocrinians.
- Epidermal disorders: Different types of changes in the vital cycle of skin cells, among which the greatest value is attached to the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes (acceleration of skin division of the skin) and a slowdown in morphological differentiation (maturation and division into different types of cells).
The main symptoms
The main local symptom of the psoriasis of the head is the thickened and clearly delimited papule and the pinkish red or bright red plates with a characteristic white silver peel on their surface.Typical location - The front and the freezing area at the border of the hair growth area.At the start of the disease, there are generally few plates, they are pale and, so to speak, erased, long kept in the same places.After exposure to provocation factors (trauma, infection, pregnancy, diet, nervous shock, etc.), rashes are progressing.The plains are increasing, merge, become brighter, itching.Hair with psoriasis does not fall, even in the case of a severe course and extensive lesions of the scalp.
When the surface of the plates is displayed, you can determine the characteristic triad of symptoms:
- The phenomenon of the stearine stain is an increase in the coat with a slight accessory.
- The phenomenon of the terminal film - After having removed the scales, the surface of the plate becomes wet, slim, shiny.
- Symptom of Auspitz, or a bloody phenomenon of dew - with carefully propagation the terminal film, punctual bleeding occurs in the form of small drops of non -Mégovantes blood.
In addition to local symptoms, some of the patients develop nail lesions and psoriatic arthritis.
Treatment
The treatment of psoriasis on the head must be complex, including the correction of possible causes and the elimination of provocation factors, food therapy and general and local funds.Specific recommendations for skin care and the choice of drugs in each case are individual, and they should give them a dermatologist.
Unfortunately, today, we do not know how to completely cure psoriasis - the disease is chronic, subject to frequent relapses.However, the in-depth realization of all meetings can provide a long persistent remission, when the symptoms of the skin become discreet or disappear completely.
Diet
The diet of patients with psoriasis is similar to the diet of allergic patients, because it is precisely allergies mediators (histamine and others) who support very vicious changes in the skin.Thus, they are excluded from the diet:
- Extractive substances (rich meat and fish broths, smoked meats).
- Spices, seasonings.
- Products with a large number of artificial flavors, dyes.
- Marinades, sauerry and salted vegetables, canned food.
- Mushrooms.
- Alcohol.
- Exotic fruits (mango, kiwi, etc.).
The fatty dishes and fries are limited, the carbohydrates easily digestible (candy, pasta, cooking in butter), table salt.In the context of exacerbation, it is recommended to carry out unloading days, with intense itching eruptions - a famine of a day twice a week.
Skin care
Even with serious itching, skin combing should be avoided, because the wounds of the plates often contribute to the appearance of new rashes (Kobner phenomenon).To relieve itching and the elimination of scales, they wash their heads daily, alternating the use of special shampoos and decorations of anti-inflammatory herbs.The psoriasis shampoo of the head may contain:
- tar;
- Selena sulfide;
- zinc.
Shampoos are not used more than three times a week, and between these procedures, it is recommended to wash the head with a decoction of chamomile, calendula, sage, pine extract and tea leaves.
Medicine
The treatment of psoriasis on the head in the event of serious exacerbations can be carried out in a hospital, with the prescription of systemic corticosteroids (orally or by intramuscular route), of desensitizing treatment (antihistamines inside and intramuscular).Detoxication is carried out, intravenous administration of sodium thiosulfate, calcium chloride, intramuscular injections of calcium gluconate (or prescribed inside).
In addition, with severe and moderate psoriasis, it is possible to prescribe the following groups of medication (strictly according to the indications and individually!):
- Cytostatics (methotrexate, cyclosporine) - Delete abnormal cell proliferation.
- System retinoids - to regulate the processes of regeneration and differentiation of skin cells.The drug is not combined with cytostatics and other retinoids.
- Biological agents of the system - Reduce the activity of the immune system.
Local funds
With extended skin manifestations, in particular with elements of acute inflammation, exudation, in the presence of combs, local funds are used limited and extremely carefully, because the active penetration of the active substance by damaged skin with the development of systemic side effects is possible.They are beginning to apply to the stage of exacerbation and, during the period of partial remission, local drugs constitute the basis of the treatment of psoriasis.
In addition to therapeutic shampoos and anti-inflammatory decorations, pasta, ointments, creams, gels, lotions are used.The following drugs are most often used:
- Local funds containing tar are applied to the scalp twice a day with courses of 1 to 2 weeks.It is not recommended that they are treated for a long time without interruptions, as they can cause excessive dry skin.
- Naphthalan ointment.
- Salicylic ointment.Salicylic acid has a keratolytic effect ("dissolves" coarse cells), disinfects the surface of the plates.
- Means with zinc.
- Local forms of glucocorticosteroids.In order to avoid the development of local skin changes (steroid acne, irritation, slimming, atrophy, allergic dermatitis) and systemic side effects (metabolic, hormonal disorders, etc.), corticosteroids are prescribed within two 1 -time weeks per month.They must be applied twice a day with a thin layer and only on the plates, whose surface has no mechanical damage (comb, erosions).In addition to creams, there are emulsions and hormonal lotions for sale, which are easier to wash hair.
- Vitamin D analogues are applied to lesions twice a day, they can be used in combination with local steroids.
- Local retinoids are applied to plates every hour a day within 10 days or more, depending on the reaction to treatment (they can cause severe irritation in the field of application).
- Anthraline is used up to 4 times a day.Side effects - Irifying effect (itching, redness), yellow skin color instead of application.
- Combined local remedies are modern drugs and very effective for the treatment of psoriasis.Most often, glucocorticoid combinations with tar and salicylic acid are used.Another good combined remedy for psoriasis on the head.
A large number of commercial names for local psoriasis drugs are produced, and only a specialist can understand them.Do not auto-sous-mediat, by buying knowledge advice or under the influence of advertising, even very effective drugs.How to treat psoriasis on the single head, a dermatologist should determine, because local therapy always involves individually selected combinations and work -study medicines.
Non -medicinal treatment
Psoriasis refers to diseases dependent on the climate.Thus, the natural light of the sun is very beneficial for psoriasis, contributing to a decrease in skin manifestations.Patients are recommended daily, but a short stay in the sun (in the morning, closer to the evening).During fall-winter periods, UOF is prescribed.The river and seawater have a good effect.A persistent and sufficiently complete remission can be carried out after taking a rehabilitation and treatment course in sanatoriums on the Dead Sea.
In the treatment of head psoriasis, physiotherapy techniques are widely used: UFV, UFV phototherapy of a narrow range, ball therapy.It should be kept in mind that the frequent stay under the sun and physiotherapeutic methods to treat psoriasis increase the risk of skin cancer, so physiotherapy is not recommended for children, and all other groups of patients must undergo preventive oncologist exams each year.